Bioanalysis: It's a sub-discipline of analytical chemistry covering the quantitative measurement of xenobiotics i.e., drugs and their metabolites, and biological molecules in unnatural locations or concentrations and biotics like macromolecules, proteins, DNA, large molecule drugs, metabolites in biological systems.

There are several national and international bioanalytical organisations active throughout the planet. Often they're a part of a much bigger organisation, e.g. Bioanalytical Focus Group and Ligand Binding Assay Bioanalytical Focus Group, which are both within the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) and FABIAN, a working party of the Analytical Chemistry Section of the Royal Netherlands Chemical Society. The Eco Bioanalysis Forum (EBF), on the opposite hand, is independent of any larger society or association. Hanover Search Partners based in San Diego, California is that the leading recruitment firm within the Bioanalytical space and contracts with many of the world's leading Bioanalytical companies in recruiting the highest executive and scientific talent worldwide.

Bio analytics techniques

Some techniques commonly utilized in bioanalytical studies include:

1. Hyphenated techniques

• LC–MS (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry)
• GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry)
• LC–DAD (liquid chromatography–diode array detection)
• CE–MS (capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry)

2. Chromatographic methods

• HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography)
• GC (gas chromatography)
• UPLC (ultra-performance liquid chromatography)
• Supercritical fluid chromatography

3. Electrophoresis
4. Ligand binding assays

• Dual polarisation interferometry
• ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
• MIA (magnetic immunoassay)
• RIA (radioimmunoassay)

5. Mass spectrometry

6. Nuclear resonance

The most frequently used techniques are: liquid chromatography including tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for 'small' molecules and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for macromolecules. The event of the bioanalytical techniques brought a progressive discipline that the longer term holds many exciting opportunities to further improvement. The most impact of bioanalysis within the pharmaceutical industry is to get a quantitative measure of the drug and its metabolites. The aim is to perform the pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics, and bioequivalence and exposure response like pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies. Various bioanalytical techniques are performed in bioanalytical studies like hyphenated techniques, chromatographic techniques, and ligand binding assays. The bio analyst deals with complex biological samples containing the analyte alongside a various range of chemicals which will have an adverse impact on the accurate and precise quantification of the analyte. As such, a good range of techniques are applied to extract the analyte from its matrix.

These include:

• Protein precipitation

• Liquid–liquid extraction

• Solid phase extraction

Bioanalytical laboratories often affect large numbers of samples, for instance resulting from clinical trials. As such, automated sample preparation methods and liquid-handling robots are commonly employed to extend efficiency and reduce costs.

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Editorial office

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology

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