Surgical approaches

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Whether open surgery or MISS, the spine can be accessed from different directions. These are referred to as surgical approaches and are explained below:

 

  • Anterior approach: As the name implies, the surgeon accesses the spine from the front of your body, through the abdomen.
  • Posterior approach: An incision is made in your back.
  • Lateral approach: The pathway to your spine is made through your side.

 

Common spine surgical procedures

 

There are a number of conditions that may lead to spine surgery. Common procedures include:

 

  • Discectomy or Microdiscectomy: Removal of a herniated intervertebral disc. Therefore, removing pressure from the compressed nerve. Microdiscectomy is a MISS procedure.

 

  • Laminectomy: Removal of the thin bony plate on the back of the vertebra called the laminae to increase space within the spinal canal and relieve pressure.

 

  • Laminotomy: Removal of a portion of the vertebral arch (lamina) that covers the spinal cord. A laminotomy removes less bone than a laminectomy.

 

  • Both laminectomy and laminotomy are decompression procedures. “Decompression” usually means tissue compressing a spinal nerve is removed.

 

  • Foraminotomy: Removal of bone or tissue at/in the passageway (called the neuroforamen) where nerve roots branch off the spinal cord and exit the spinal column.

 

  • Disc replacement: As an alternative to fusion, the injured disc is replaced with an artificial one.

 

  • Spinal fusion: A surgical technique used to join two vertebrae. Spinal fusion may include the use of bone graft with or without instrumentation (eg, rods, screws). There are different types of bone graft, such as your own bone (autograft) and donor bone (allograft). A fusion can be accomplished by different approaches:

 

ALIF, PLIF, TLIF, LIF: All pertain to lumbar interbody fusion used to stabilize the spinal vertebrae and eliminate movement between the bones.

 

Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion indicates a surgical approach through the foramen.

Lateral Interbody Fusion in which the minimally invasive approach is from the side of the body.

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